Female rats struggle to find their way in BPA study from MU and the NCTR/FDA
Despite concerns about bisphenol A (BPA), academic and regulatory scientists have yet to reach a consensus on BPA’s safety.
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Toxicology Program (NTP), the Food and Drug Administration and independent university researchers are working together to change that.
Five years after the Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity, or CLARITY-BPA for short, launched, results are beginning to come in. This new information will allow researchers to better compare the effects of fixed doses of BPA on the brain, various cognitive behaviors, reproduction and fertility, accumulation of fat tissue, heart disease, the immune system, and several types of cancers.
“The idea of this Consortium is to examine the potential systems that have been previously suggested to be affected by BPA,” said Cheryl Rosenfeld, an associate professor of biomedical sciences at the University of Missouri and one of twelve researchers involved in the project.
Rosenfeld’s group looked at spatial navigation learning and memory. They found that prenatal exposure to BPA could potentially hinder the ability of female rats to learn to find their way through a maze. This effect was not seen in male rats.
Approved by the FDA in the early 1960s, BPA can be found in a wide variety of products, including plastic food and drink containers with recycle codes 3 or 7, water and baby bottles, toys, the linings of metal cans and water pipes, even patient blood and urine samples.
BPA has structural similarities to estrogen and can potentially act as a weak estrogen in the body.
In Rosenfeld’s experiment, researchers at the National Center for Toxicology Research gave pregnant rats a fixed dose of BPA every day: a low, medium, or high dose.
After the baby rats were born, researchers continued to dose the babies, both male and female, according to what their mothers had received.
When these rats reached three months old, they were tested in a circular maze with twenty possible exit holes, one of which was designated as the correct escape hole. Every day for seven days, researchers tested the rats’ abilities to solve the maze in five minutes and timed them as they ran.
Rats solve mazes in three ways, Rosenfeld said.
They can run through the labyrinth in a spiral pattern, hugging the outer walls, and work their way in until they find the correct exit hole in what is called a serial search strategy.
Or they might move aimlessly in the maze using an indirect search strategy, Rosenfeld said. “In this case, the rats seemingly find the correct escape hole by random chance.”
Lastly, they can travel directly from the center of the maze to the correct escape hole. The third strategy is considered the most efficient method because the rats find their way swiftly, Rosenfeld said.
Sarah Johnson, a graduate student and first author on the paper, assessed each rat’s performance in the maze using a three-point tracking program that recognizes the rat’s nose, body, and tail.
Using the program, Johnson measured their performances in terms of the total distance traveled, the speed at which the rat ran the maze, how long it took the rats to solve the maze (latency), and how often the rat sniffed at an incorrect hole.
The last two parameters are considered the best gauges of spatial navigation learning and memory.
“What you expect to see is that they should start learning where that correct escape hole is,” Rosenfeld said. “Thus, their latency and sniffing incorrect holes should decrease over time.”
Rosenfeld’s group found that female rats that had been exposed to the highest dose of BPA since fetal development were less likely to find the escape hole than rats that hadn’t been exposed to BPA.
As for how this study may translate to people, Rosenfeld said, “the same brain regions control identical behaviors in rodents and humans.”
She considers it a starting point for setting up future experiments that take into consideration sex differences in cognitive behaviors and neurological responses to BPA.
Immediate next steps for the Rosenfeld group include analyzing tissue collected from the brains of rats that had undergone maze testing. Rosenfeld’s team of researchers will measure DNA methylation and RNA expression in the brain to determine which genes might be involved in navigational learning and memory. Their overarching goal is to determine how changes in observed sex- and dose-dependent behaviors occur on the molecular level.
NIEHS grant U01 ES020929 supported this research. Additional coauthors include Mark Ellersieck and Angela Javurek of the University of Missouri, Thomas H. Welsh Jr. of Texas A&M University, and Sherry Ferguson, Sherry Lewis, and Michelle Vanlandingham of the National Center of Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration. Read the full study on the Hormones and Behavior website and browse the supplementary data for this work.
Proxies Private Best
February 10, 2024 @ 2:22 am
Everything is very open with a really clear explanation of the issues. It was really informative. Your site is extremely helpful. Thank you for sharing!
Polecenie Binance
February 15, 2024 @ 3:49 pm
I don’t think the title of your article matches the content lol. Just kidding, mainly because I had some doubts after reading the article. https://www.binance.info/pl/join?ref=S5H7X3LP
binance
February 20, 2024 @ 3:21 pm
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good. https://www.binance.com/bg/join?ref=YY80CKRN
referencia de Binance
February 26, 2024 @ 2:49 pm
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you. https://www.binance.com/es/join?ref=DB40ITMB
creazione dell'account binance
March 12, 2024 @ 9:07 am
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you.
Daftar Binance US
March 31, 2024 @ 7:09 am
I don’t think the title of your article matches the content lol. Just kidding, mainly because I had some doubts after reading the article.
binance Norādījuma kods
April 13, 2024 @ 2:21 pm
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.
"oppna binance-konto
April 16, 2024 @ 1:29 pm
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
bitcoin pharmacy online
April 16, 2024 @ 4:06 pm
thecanadianpharmacy
generic for zestril
April 17, 2024 @ 5:52 am
lisinopril 30 mg price
tornadocash
April 17, 2024 @ 12:37 pm
Enhance your privacy on Ethereum with TornadoCash. Enjoy secure and confidential transactions without compromising on decentralization.
how to get metformin prescription
April 17, 2024 @ 1:58 pm
glucophage cost uk
happy family canadian pharmaceuticals online
April 17, 2024 @ 9:06 pm
cross border pharmacy canada
synthroid price
April 18, 2024 @ 2:38 am
synthroid price canada
azithromycin 600 mg tab
April 18, 2024 @ 8:45 am
zithromax online no prescription
ラブドール
April 21, 2024 @ 5:21 pm
ダッチワイフ ロボット シリコーンのダッチワイフとTPEのダッチワイフのコントラストについてどう思いますか?
azithromycin canadian pharmacy to us
April 23, 2024 @ 10:32 am
azithromycin 1000 mg buy
Lexxie
April 28, 2024 @ 7:59 am
You can talk to me about many things, live cams models. I love to play with you and enjoy together in front of the camera. I am also available for real slaves!
binance
April 29, 2024 @ 9:18 am
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you.
assignment helper
April 29, 2024 @ 12:00 pm
There are further managerial and engineering areas that we cover, and you are welcome to inquire regarding the subject you require assistance with. We guarantee that you earn the highest possible marks and that you never have to face off with the best students in your class.The beginning of Covid-19 resulted in a significant alteration in the lives of these pupils. Because of online learning assistance, the school system is going through a transition. Students’ behavior has been substantially modified by the mindset of pursuing educational advancement beyond borders. They are now conscious of the expertise gap, time constraints, and other obstacles that prevent them from obtaining their academic goals. As a result, youngsters are becoming self-sufficient enough to inquire about professional assignment helper. Students are becoming more aware of their school-related responsibilities. They recognize when they require assistance with figuring out their academic obligations.
pay someone to take my online class
April 30, 2024 @ 1:03 am
If you’re seeking academic assistance, consider the benefits of hiring a professional to take my online class for me. Entrusting an expert ensures quality performance, timely submissions, and alleviates academic stress. By engaging a knowledgeable individual, you gain an edge in understanding complex topics, ensuring better grades and a balanced academic life. Delegate coursework to proficient tutors or academic services that offer reliable support, enabling you to focus on other priorities.
yarragima saygi durusuna geciceksin
May 1, 2024 @ 6:29 am
I appreciate you sharing this blog post. Thanks Again. Cool.
reliable rx pharmacy
May 1, 2024 @ 3:40 pm
canadian pharmacy drugs online
Information Security Analysis
May 1, 2024 @ 11:37 pm
In the technologically advanced world of today, internet services are available for every institution. Internet resource called was created to give students access to online tutoring. Pupils from all around the world like take my online course for me service. Even though their assistance is relatively new, they have established an excellent track record for both their brand and their offerings. To get staff tackle your assignments and online class, simply give them an order to attend the online class. They take enormous pride in having assisted multiple pupils from all around the world with their excellent services. We had been under the impression that there weren’t many facilities accessible to the kids. Students required a top-notch service that could offer them excellent support for their studies. Students all over the world can benefit greatly from this service. Your scholastic life will be made easy with the help of these kinds of online service.
super saver pharmacy
May 2, 2024 @ 3:15 am
canadian pharmacy uk delivery
Can You Take My Online Class for Me
May 2, 2024 @ 3:50 am
In today’s corporate world, surveys and business activities rely heavily on statistics. If you need expert advice or have any questions about this topic, you can find it through professional services that offer Pay someone to do my online english class options. Statistics are useful in many different contexts. Companies nowadays depend significantly on data analysis to spot trends, which in turn helps them make educated decisions regarding advertising budgets and strategies in this era of ubiquitous online platforms. Consequently, students have demonstrated a strong desire to utilise online statistics class help, particularly for statistical writing assignments pertaining to business data.
cheapest synthroid prices
May 2, 2024 @ 5:22 am
synthroid 25 mg tablet